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Gabriel Marbach, who joined fusion research in the early1990s, retired on 1 December from his position as head of the CEA Cadarache-based Institute for Magnetic Fusion Research (IRFM). He is succeeded by Alain Bécoulet, a physicist trained at the prestigious Ecole Normale Supérieure who was recruited by CEA in 1987 when all French fusion labs were moved to Cadarache.

 

A fast-neutron reactor man, Marbach was involved in the early phases of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ project when the machine's cooling system closely resembled that of the sodium-cooled reactors France was developing at the time (the "First ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ," in 1998, was designed with a liquid lithium cooling system.)

 

Bécoulet, who defines himself as "a physicist with a strong taste for experimentation," worked for JET (2000-2001), where he led the Advanced Tokamak Physics Task Force and later organized the —an important stepping stone for the worldwide ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ collaboration. At IRFM, from 2004 until last week, he led the plasma heating and confinement division. He had been Marbach's deputy since 2010.

 

Both men have had ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ on their horizon for the past thirty years and both worked hard to make ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ happen ... from just the other side of the fence.

 

On the occasion of the passing of the torch at IRFM, they reflected on their experience in fusion and on the ongoing relationship between fusion labs throughout the world and the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Project.

 

Marbach and Bécoulet are among those who "raised" the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ project almost from infancy. Even in the most difficult moments—and there were many—their faith never wavered. "We always believed in ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ but we knew it would take time," says Marbach. "The main challenge was to agree on the technological compromises that would make the cost acceptable. This explains the long and slow development of the project."

 

 

Now that ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ is living an independent life, parental guidance has graduated to "collaboration" and "partnership." And what is true of IRFM is also true for dozens of other fusion labs throughout the world.

 

The relationship between fusion labs, and on a more personal level between fusion scientists, has always been very strong. What has changed in recent years, Marbach and Bécoulet both note, is the outlook: "Research and development used to be machine-oriented. Now it is competence-oriented. This is something we owe to ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ: individual installations must now become tools for the whole fusion community."

 

Installing "±¬×ߺÚÁÏ technology" on other fusion machines, such as the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ-like wall at JET or a tungsten divertor at Tore Supra (the proposed WEST project) aims precisely at that. "I made sure that ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ became our priority," says Gabriel Marbach of his time at IRFM. "There are many things we can test and demonstrate at IRFM before the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ machine enters its operation phase," adds Bécoulet. "We will save time for ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ, which means we can contribute to saving a lot of ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ's money ..."

 

What Marbach and his predecessors initiated, Bécoulet will continue. ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ however, is not the only item on his agenda. "±¬×ߺÚÁÏ is a scientific tool," he says. "It's like a satellite: launching the satellite successfully is, of course, essential. But what matters more are the observations it will make, the data it will collect."

 

This precious data collected at ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ from realms that have not yet been explored will form the basis of fusion development in the 21st century. Both Marbach, who will keep an office at IRFM, and Bécoulet who now runs the Institute, are determined to keep their team in the race, ready for ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ and beyond.