Ten years later
A prodigious adventure
20 Nov 2017
±¬×ߺÚÁÏ began its existence as an aspiration in the early 1980s, as actors in the fusion community called for the joint machine that would demonstrate the feasibility of fusion energy. It acquired tangible reality on 21 November 1985, when President Reagan and Secretary Gorbachev advocated together for "the widest practicable development of international cooperation" in fusion research. Twenty-one years later to the day—on 21 November 2006—the representatives of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Members signed the Agreement that established "the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ International Fusion Energy Organization for the Joint Implementation of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Project" and the legal framework for the project existed at last.
On 15 November, the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Community past and present gathered to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the effective establishment of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ. A tokamak-shaped cake had been ordered, complete with a sugar-and-almond cryostat lid, cream-filled pastry-puff walls and sugar paste port openings ...
The ratification, or "approval," process by each of the seven Members, each according to its own procedures, was to take another eleven months. On 24 October, the process was complete and the small community that was already at work at the Joint Work Site in Cadarache (France) could rejoice—all 170 of them would soon form the international staff of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ.
Last week, as the 21st Council convened at Headquarters and the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ staff, now more than 800 strong, gathered in the amphitheatre, the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ community—past and present—celebrated the legal "coming into being" of a project that had been so long in the making.
Heads of Delegations to the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council participated in the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ. From left to right, seated: Steve Binkley, Acting Director of the Office of Science, US Department of Energy; Wonho Choi, Director General, Space, Nuclear and Big Science Policy Bureau, Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Korea; Yoichi Ito, Deputy Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Ravi Bhushan Grover, Member, Atomic Energy Commission Secretary, Atomic Energy Commission and Head, Institutional Collaborations and Programs Division, Department of Atomic Energy, India; Igor Borovkov, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Government Executive Office of the Russian Federation; Gerassimos Thomas, Deputy Director-General, Directorate General Energy, European Commission; Chen Linhao, Deputy Director-General, Department of International Cooperation, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), China; Won Namkung, Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council; and Bernard Bigot, Director-General of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ.
As a slideshow flashed in the background—reflecting on the events, major or anecdotal, that had marked the decade—voices from the project's first 10 years rose from the pulpit or from a live connection on the wide screen. Former Council Chairs, members of ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ management, or participants to advisory bodies ... they all voiced their pride at having been part of the prodigious ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ adventure (see their words, below).
And as there can be no anniversary without cake, participants shared a special tokamak-shaped creation, complete with a sugar-and-almond cryostat lid, cream-filled pastry-puff walls, and sugar-paste port openings ...
They said...
Bernard Bigot
Director-General, ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ
"We are standing on the shoulders of the many others who have made the foundations in decades past [...] The story of ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ is much more than its physical components. All of us here are part of a unique human story, the story of immense struggle ... sometimes challenging, sometimes discouraging, sometimes inspirational, but always moving forward."
Director-General, ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ
"We are standing on the shoulders of the many others who have made the foundations in decades past [...] The story of ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ is much more than its physical components. All of us here are part of a unique human story, the story of immense struggle ... sometimes challenging, sometimes discouraging, sometimes inspirational, but always moving forward."
Won Namkung
Current Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council
"What impresses me the most is the striking degree of international cooperation and collaboration we have witnessed—and experienced—in the past 10 years. [...] You have earned our gratitude and our respect. And looking forward, we will continue to support you—for the next 10 years and more. Congratulations!"
Current Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council
"What impresses me the most is the striking degree of international cooperation and collaboration we have witnessed—and experienced—in the past 10 years. [...] You have earned our gratitude and our respect. And looking forward, we will continue to support you—for the next 10 years and more. Congratulations!"
Former Deputy Director-General Valery Chuyanov (2007-2011) chose to retire in a village not far from ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ. "Progress is appearing every day," he said, "and I am 100 percent sure of the project's final success."
Chris Llewellyn Smith
Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council, 2008-2009
"As we all know, there have been huge changes in the energy scene in the last decade. However, the case for building ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ remains as strong as ever. We need to know, once and for all, whether—as I believe to be the case—we can control a burning plasma, and hence whether fusion power will be available as an option for the future."
Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council, 2008-2009
"As we all know, there have been huge changes in the energy scene in the last decade. However, the case for building ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ remains as strong as ever. We need to know, once and for all, whether—as I believe to be the case—we can control a burning plasma, and hence whether fusion power will be available as an option for the future."
Evgeny Velikhov
Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council, 2010-2011
"±¬×ߺÚÁÏ is a unique project because it is the only one that involves all the leading countries—in fact not only the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Members, but also many other countries cooperating with them. Therefore, it is a project that compiles all the works in the field of fusion energy and I would say it is a model for international cooperation."
Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council, 2010-2011
"±¬×ߺÚÁÏ is a unique project because it is the only one that involves all the leading countries—in fact not only the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Members, but also many other countries cooperating with them. Therefore, it is a project that compiles all the works in the field of fusion energy and I would say it is a model for international cooperation."
Hideyuki Takatsu
Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council, 2012-2013
Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council, 2012-2013
"Fusion energy ... is the only one possible candidate on the table today which has the potential to solve both global energy security and global warming issues at the same time in this century. The ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Project is the central element of world fusion program and each party can take due steps towards fusion energy realization when and only when ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Project fulfils its programmatic goals."
Bob Iotti
Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council, 2014-2015
Chair of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council, 2014-2015
"The early years were a struggle, with success not a given ... and maybe even today success is not a given so we have to keep working on that. But I can tell you, for the last two years or three years the progress that the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ and the Domestic Agencies have made has been nothing short of remarkable."
Live from China, Shaoqi Wang, former Deputy Director-General, Department for Administration (2006-2011), stated his hopes that "with the efforts of all ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Members we can continue to collaborate closely and realize our common goal of fusion energy."
Abhijit Sen
Former member of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council Science and Technology Advisory Committee (STAC) and the International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA)
"For India [participation in the project] has been a very synergistic experience where, apart from contributing materially and technically towards building ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ we have also gained in technical and scientific experience that has enriched our own national fusion program. As a late entrant to fusion research, joining ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ has given us just the right platform to lead from our program, to quickly get into the mainstream of tokamak research and to pull in our industries to develop expertise in some of the most high-tech areas and to compete internationally."
Former member of the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Council Science and Technology Advisory Committee (STAC) and the International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA)
"For India [participation in the project] has been a very synergistic experience where, apart from contributing materially and technically towards building ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ we have also gained in technical and scientific experience that has enriched our own national fusion program. As a late entrant to fusion research, joining ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ has given us just the right platform to lead from our program, to quickly get into the mainstream of tokamak research and to pull in our industries to develop expertise in some of the most high-tech areas and to compete internationally."
Shaoqi Wang
Former Deputy Director-General, Department for Administration (2006-2011)
Former Deputy Director-General, Department for Administration (2006-2011)
"Today on the 10-year anniversary, the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Project has obtained a lot of achievements. I sincerely hope that with the efforts of all ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Members we can continue to collaborate closely and realize our common goal of fusion energy. Bon anniversaire à ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ!"
Yong-Hwan Kim
Former Deputy Director-General, Department for Central Engineering & Plant Support (2006-2011)
Former Deputy Director-General, Department for Central Engineering & Plant Support (2006-2011)
"When I was at the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ there was only the Headquarters Building and the poloidal field coils building. I am really glad to see such fantastic progress. I am quite sure that you all can accomplish the project very successfully and give great hope to human beings for future energy."
Rich Hawryluk
Former Deputy Director-General, Department for Administration (2011-2013)
Former Deputy Director-General, Department for Administration (2011-2013)
"It is important to realize that we have a unique opportunity in the world to study a burning plasma. This is what motivated the construction of ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ when we cut the ribbon in 2007 and the ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ started. This unique opportunity is as important today as it was then. We'll be able to learn the science and technology of fusion. [...] I think that we all look forward to the day when we begin First Plasma operation and move on subsequently to deuterium-tritium operation and really study the burning plasmas that ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ and only ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ will provide us for years ahead."
Rem Haange, who was Deputy Director-General and Director, Department for ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Project from 2011 to 2015, considers that air pollution "is one very good reason to develop fusion."
Valery Chuyanov
Former Deputy Director-General, Department for Fusion Science & Technology (2007-2011); former Chief Scientist of the Department of ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Project (2012)
Former Deputy Director-General, Department for Fusion Science & Technology (2007-2011); former Chief Scientist of the Department of ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Project (2012)
"±¬×ߺÚÁÏ construction is a very difficult process; you all know this very well. But progress is appearing every day and I am 100 percent sure of the project's final success. I hope to be here myself ... to see the start of ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ operations."
Hiroshi Matsumoto
Head of the Office of the Director-General (2007-2010)
Head of the Office of the Director-General (2007-2010)
"We still definitely need stable supply of energy for the baseload. Fusion is still the only ultimate CO2-free baseload supplier which can be supported by most of the people in the world. [...] It will also solve the geopolitical problems arising from uneven distribution of the energy resources in the world. ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ must be a success at any cost."
Rem HAANGE
Deputy Director-General and Director, Department for ±¬×ߺÚÁÏ Project (January 2011-March 2015)
"The air pollution in the industrially developed as well as in many developing countries has drastically increased and is still on the rise [...] For me this is one very good reason to develop fusion, in order to provide the governments of the world with one alternative, possibly in combination with others. Therefore, fusion must be developed up to industrial standard, to provide the choice."